k_BT = 4 pN-nm

k_BT = 0.6 kcal/mol = 2.5 kJ/mol

 

Energy of ATP = 20-25 k_BT (~100pN-nm)

 

1 mg/mL of 100 kDa protein is 10μM.

 

DNA (B-form): 2.0nm (width);  0.34nm/bp, 10.5bp (3.6nm)/pitch

RNA (A-form): 2.6nm (width);  0.26nm/bp, 11.0bp   (3nm)/pitch

 

Molecular weights: antibody ~150 kDa, nucleic acid (1nt) ~300 Da

                        BSA  ~70 kDa, Streptavidin ~53 kDa

Extinction coefficients: 150,000 (Cy3), 250,000 (Cy5), ~10,000 (1nt nucleic acid) L /mole-cm

 

Visible ranges in a gel: ³²P-radioisotope (>1-10 fmol), EtBr staining (>1pmol), organic dye (>1-10 pmol with a CCD-based detection; >1-10 fmol with a scanning based detection; >100pmol with bare eyes)

100nM x 10μL / 1cm² ~ 1 molecule / (10nm)²

Key Numbers in Biology (Cell, 2010)

Homologs consist of orthologs and paralogs. Examples:

   Human Rad51 is an ortholog of E. coli RecA  (i.e. between organisms)

   Human Lin28a is a paralog of human Lin28b   (i.e. present in the same organism)

   * ATPγS is an analog of ATP. 

 

• Numerical aperture

- A conversation between Dr. Bob and Yew (pdf)

- A note from Zeiss (pdf)

ssrA tag 

   - E. coli AANDENYALAA

   - Other organisms

 

GFP 11

   - RDHMVLHEYVNAAGIT